Loom for weaving ladder tapes



Aug. s, 1944.

E. R` HOLMES LOOM FOR WEAVING LADDER TAPES 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March16, 1942 INvENToR' S E, m m R D?. R. B

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' Aug. s, 1944.

E. R. HoLMEs LOOM FOR WEAVING LADDER TAPESv 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March16, 1942 y IIlIlIIlIIll INvEN TOR 5;;...WWQ-

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TORNES! Aug. s,y 1944.

E. R. HOLMES LOOM FOR WEAVING LADDER TPE'S Filed March 16, 1942 3ShetS-Sheet 3l lNvEN TOR ELBRmeE. R HOLMES y." ci ATTORN EY PatentedAug. 8, 1944 ,t Y l 3555er UNITED sTATlazs` PATENT oFFIcE Loom FortWEAVING LADDER 'rAPEs Elbridge R. Holmes, Worcester, Mass., assigner toCrompton & Knowles Loom Works, Worcester, Mass., .a corporation ofMassachusetts Application March 16, 1942, Serial No. 434,920 17 claims.(o1. 139-22) This invention relates to improvements in looms for weavingladder tapes such for instance as are utilized to support the crossslats of Venetian window shades and it is thel general object of theinvention to provide improved means for manipulating the warp threadswhich pass from one web to the other to form the ladder or crossingbars.

Ladder tapes customarily employ two webs which are connected at spacedintervals either by narrow groups of warp threads or woven sections. Thewarp threads which form the crossing bars are woven into the two websbetween crossings, forming part of the sheds of their respective webs.When the point in weaving is reached at which a crossing bar is to beformed, the crossing warps leave the sheds in which they have beenpreviously located and pass to the opposite web. The two sets ofcrossing threads cross each other at a point considerably behind thefells of the two webs and cause objectionable loops at the selvage ofthe webs at beatup. It is an important object of my present invention toprovide an advancing hook or the like for the crossing Webs to move themto their extreme forward position prior to beat-up and preferably at atime in the advance of the lay when the weft threads will still be undersuicient tension to move to their respective fells without formingloops.

In previous looms for weaving ladder tapes it has been proposed to movethe crossing warps forwardly by mechanism connected to the lay with theresult in certain instances that the crossing threads do not move totheir extreme forward position until after the harnesses have started tocross. Any loop which might have been formed at the selvage cannottherefore be straightened because the weft lthread is held by the warpthreads. It is another object of my present invention to provide meansto ad'- vance the crossing warps to their extreme forward position priorto closing of the warp sheds and therefore permit the weft tension tostraighten the aforesaid loops.

The warp sheds are ordinarily closed at front center but the exact timeof crossing depends upon the type of harness mechanism employed and alsoits setting. The sheds will always be partly open when the lay is atbottom center and it is a more specic object of my present invention tomanipulate the crossing warp advancing means so that it will reach itseXtreme forward position approximately at the time the lay is at bottomcenter. This timing insures that the sheds will be open enough to permitthe weft tension to straighten the loops at the selvages.

The warp sheds are sufliciently open at top center to permit` entry ofthe shuttles and on crossing beats of the loom the crossing warps willform a shed wide enough for entry of the advancing hook or the likebefore the lay reaches back center. In `order that the crossing warpadvancing means may reach its extreme forwardl position prior to frontcenter it is a further object of my invention to move the crossing warphooks or the like 'to their extreme rearward position at some point inthe loom cycle between top and back centers and thereafter move the hookforwardly before the lay starts to advance. In this manner I give thecrossing Warp advancing hook its complete back and forth movements inaperiod considerably less than one full pick of the loom.

It is a specic object of my present invention to achieve the last namedobject by rack and pinion mechanism operatively connected to atransverse 'bar and eiective starting at a point substantially at frontcenter to cause the bar to move to its rearward position in a periodsomething less than half a pick and immediately thereafter move the barforwardly while the lay is still receding. The driving rack is caused toreciprocate by cam mechanism similar to that already known and thecrossing warp advancing hook, pivotally mounted on the bar, is caused toswing laterally away from the warp threads as the bar moves rearwardlyand then return to its normal position with respect to the bar behindthe crossed warps as the bar starts forwardly. A further specic objectof my invention is to provide improved cam means for rocking' thecrossing warp hooks on the bar during backward motion of the latterwithout disturbing the hooks as they move forwardly.

My invention further relates to an improved method for the manipulationof the warps in a loom weaving ladder tapes or the like. The methodconsists essentially in the steps of crossing the ladder forming warps,moving their point of crossing forwardly to cause the crossing warps tolie in the outside sheds of the ground fabrics while the ground shedsare open, exerting tension on the weft threads to take up slack at theselvages and thereby prevent formation of the loops while the groundsheds are open and thereafter crossing the ground sheds.

With these and other objects in View which and its operating mechanismin the normal position during non-crossing weaving operations ofA theloom,

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the crossing warp hookin thev process ofbeing moved to a position behind the: crossing warps,l

Fig. 4 is a vertical Section on lineA 4 4 of Fig'. 3 on an enlargedscale showingthecam which operates the crossing warp hook,

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 5-5 of Fig. 2

on an enlarged scale showing the rack and pinionY mechanism foroperatingthe hook carrying-bar, vFig'. 6 is a detailed sideY elevationof a part of the rack and' pinion operating camV shown in the lower partof Fig. 1, but onan'enlarged scale,

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the structure shown inFig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a compositeview showing in perspective parts of the cammechanism shown in Fig. 4, and

Figs; 9 and 10Y are diagrammatic views showing the sheds of the two websin two different positions.

Much of-the structure utilized in' my present invention has alreadybeenset' forth in my prior' Patents Nos; 2,025,866 and 2,082,890, and alsoinV my co-pending application Serial No; 396,274,

now'Patent No. 2,319,863; These patents-andthev application may bereferred to for certain" structures not fully described hereinafter andthe following-description will be confined tothe improvementsrepresenting my present invention together with suchreference to otherloom parts as is deemed necessary.

Referring to Fig. l, I have shown a loom frame I having a xed breastbeamV and a lay l2 with a reed R rocking' backwardly and forwardlyaboutanaxis |3. The topv shaft |4 of the loom may operate throughconnections designated generally at |to cause reciprocation of thelayand 1 may' be geared in'any approved manner to the: bottom shaftV I6'.The latter'shaft preferably completes one revolution every other pick ofthe loom and' has mounted thereon certain of thev mechanism whichoperates a partof my invention.`

Securedto the bottom shaft I6 is a-disk 23 on which is mounted forangular adjustment a cam 2| which is'shown in` detail in Figs. 6 and 7.Cam 2| has a web 22` bolted to the disk and having concentric innerwalls 23' and outer walls 24. Opposite sides of the cam are providedwith runs 25 formed by inner and outer walls 26 and 21, respectively,which communicate with the concentric run 28 extending between the walls23 and 24. In order that'the crossing of the ladder forming warps mayoccur on any pick of the loom the cam is provided with two of the runs25 on opposite sides of the shaft I6. Since the runs and associatedparts are the samefI will describe the` one at the left of shaft I6 asseen in Fig. 1.

Run 25 has associated therewith upper and lower switches 23 and 30,respectively, mounted on pivot pins 3| extending through the web 22.

The switch has an inner surface 32 which assists:

in forming the circular path 28 when the switch is in its normal fullline position shown, for instance, in Fig. 1.

A lever 35 is pivoted as at 3G to the loomside and has its rear endprovided with a roll 31 which moves in the runs 25 and 28. When theswitches are in their normal positions the bottom shaft turns withoutcausing rocking of the lever 35, but when switch 30 moves to the dottedline position shown in Fig. 6 the roll then passes from the run 28 intothe run 25 as the cam turns in the direction of arrow a. Movement of theroll 31 in the non-concentric run 25 causes lever 35 to rock first in aclockwise and then in a, counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig.1, causing the forward end of the` lever first to rise and then to fallto normal position.

The mechanism for determining when switch 30 shall move from its normalposition is set forth in Fig. 1, wherein it will be seen that a lever issecured to a stub shaft 4| rotatable on a carrier 42 through which theshaft |6 extends. The carrier is heldl by a bolt andrslot connection 43inY adjusted angular fixed position on a bracket 44 secured to theloom'frame. Secured to the stub shaft 4| is an arm 45 the lower end ofwhich as seen in Fig. 7 is provided'with a shoe 46. A spring 41 normallyholds the shoe 4S at one side of the path of a stud 5D secured to alever 5| fastened to the pivot pin 3| of switch 3|). A light tensionspring 52 normally holds the stud 50 in theposition shown in Fig. 7 andalso holds the switch 3l) in the full line position shown in Fig; 6 tocause roll 31 to move in a circular path. A exible connector 54 isattached to the upper end of lever 40 and'when this connector 54 israised lever 40 is rocked around its axis against the action of spring41 to move the shoe 46 into the path of stud 50. This action occursprior to arrival of the stud to the position shown in Fig. '1 as the camrotates. Further rotationof the cam moves thev small lever 5| angularlyin a right hand direction as viewed in Fig. 7 relatively to the cam andcauses shifting of the switch 30 from the full to the dotted lineposition of Fig. 6. It is in this way that the roll 31 is caused toleave the circular path 38 and enter the path 25.

The upper end of connector 54 leads to a pattern mechanism designatedherein generally at K. It is not deemed necessary to describe thedetails of this mechanism and it is thought sufficient to state that onthose picks when ladder' crossings are to be produced the mechanism Koperates to raise connect-or 54 in time to permit engagement of shoe 46by stud 50. The mechanism K has leading therefrom a second connector 55which leads to a measuring mechanism for the crossing warps designatedgenerally at M. Leading upwardly from mechanism M is a system of links51 connected as at 58 to a lever 59 secured to a rock shaft 6D. Arms 6|depending from and secured to shaft carry a bar 62 under which extendthe crossing warps designated generally at C. When the loom is to have aladder bar forming operation the mechanism K will control the mechanismM, Fig. 1, and the latter in turn will operate through linkage 51 torock shaft 60 and move the bar 62 forwardly, or to the left as viewed inFig. 1, to supply the length of yarn of the cross warp C needed to passfrom one toY the other of the two webs being woven and to be describedhereinafter.

As shown in Figs. 9 and l0 I set forth diagrammatically the relationbetween the various warp threads, the two Webs of the ladder tape,

andthe advancer for the cross warps. 'The top and bottomV fabrics F andFl, respectively,are formedprincipally from ground warps defining twosheds, one shed for each fabric. The upper fabric Fconnects to warpthreads WI and W2 which define the uppershed for top shuttle Sl, whilefabric Fi is connected to warp threads W3 and W4 which form the lowershed to receive shuttle S. The warp threads connect with theirrespective fabrics at thefells c and the top and bottom sheds alwaysoccupy substantially the positions as shown in Figs. 9 and l0 when theshuttles are active. The cross warps Care in two groups, one shown at C!for the top webV and the other at C2 for the bottom web, and each groupwill be woven into the corresponding fabric on noncrossing beats of theloom. On crossing beats, however, the crossing warp Ci from the topfabric will extend downwardly and rearwardly below warps W2 into thelower shed, while the cross warps C2 will rise and extend rearwardly toa position above warp W3 and into the upper shed. The two crossing warpgroups will cross each other at b at a point considerably behind thefells e. It will be seen particularly from Fig. 9 that the upper shuttlefor instance passes through a shed formed by warps W2 and the crosswarps C2 so that the weft which the shuttle lays will extend from thepoint d forwardly to the upper fell e. Similarly, the lower shuttlepasses through a shed formed by warps W3 and the lowered cross warps Ciand its weft extends from point d forwardly to the lower fell. Unlessprovision is made for advancing the points d and d' objectionable loopswill be formed on the selvages of the webs F and F.

The matter thus far described of itself forms no part of my presentinvention except as pointed out vhereinafter and may be made as setforth in the previously mentioned patents and co-pending application.

In carrying my invention into effect I provide means for advancing thecross warps C and C from their position shown in Fig. 9 to cause pointsd and d to approach or coincide with the felis c. A shaft 10 isrotatably mounted in bearings 1| on the breast beam and has securedthereto a pinion 12 which meshes with a vertical rack; 13 secured to theupper end of a rod 14 the lower end of which is attached as at 15 to thelever 35. The rack is in front of the pinion and is guided by theadiacent bearing 1| to cause rotation of shaft 1|) in a clockwisedirection as viewed in Fig. l when roll 31 enters run 25 and causecounter-clockwise rotation of the pinion after the roll has passed thehigh point of run approaches a circular run 28.

A bar 80 extends parallel to and behind the shaft 10 and has securedthereto forwardly extending rack bars 8i which are slidably mounted inbearings 82 secured to the breast beam Each rack bar 8| meshes with thetop of a pinion S3 secured. to the shaft 10. The rear of each rack bar8| may he secured to the bar 80 by means of a casting 84 fixed to thebar and also to the rack. The bars 0| support the bar 80 when. thelatter is moved backwardly and forwardly and are also the means by whichthe latter motions are communicated to the bar 80.

It is to be understood that the loom to which my invention is appliedwill be capable of weaving several ladder tapes as is customary innarrowware looms, but in the present instance I set forth mechanism forweaving but one ladder tape. Projecting rearwardly from the breast beamand d. Ll

secured thereto'is a guide 86 forked at its rear end '.to provide ahorizontal slot 81'through which'r the webs F and FI pass. `A crossingwarp finger or hook 88 has the rear bent end 89 thereof proportioned tomove forwardly in the slot 81 from a position .behind point b shown inFig. 9. The hook 88 is secured to a small lever 90 pivoted as at 5| tothe cross bar. A light tension spring 92 between the barv and the lever90 tends normally to move the latter to the left so that the hook andguide will ordinarily be in the position shown in Fig.2. Extending alongthe bar |35 are spaced parallel front and back rods 95 and 95,respectively, whichare pivoted as at 91- to the front and back ends 'ofthe lever 90. The right ends of rods 95 and 06 are pivoted as at |00 and|0|, respectively, to a lever |02 pivoted as at |03 on the bar 80. Lever|02 projects rearwardly and has mounted thereon a roll |05 which isnormally in the position of Fig. 2 at the front of a cam slot |06. Thelatter extends rearwardly and to the right as at |01 and then rearwardlyas at |08 and then rearwardly and to the left as at |09.

The slot |05 is defined by right and left walls ||0 and respectively.Wall ||0 hangs downwardly from a plate H2 secured to the breast beam bymeans of a bolt ||3 which passes through a saddle ||5 boltedas at H1 tothe breast beam. Bolt ||3 passes through a backwardly and forwardlyextending slot ||8 in the' plate ||2 which affords adjustment of slot|0t` toward and from roll |05. VA rib |20 on the lowerl forward face ofplate H2, see Fig. 8, ts into' av groove |2| in the saddle and serves toposition the plate H2 and hold the same in fixed position as shown inFigs. 2 and 3.

The wall is formed on a pivot tongue |25 the forward part of which has abearing |25 to receive a pin |21 mounted in depending lugs |28 on thebottom of plate ||2. The tongue |25 ts in a slot |30 extendingrearwardh7 in plate i I2 and a rear supporting lug |3i on the tongueoverhangs the plate l2 at the end of the slot |30 to hold the tonguenormally in the down position shown in full lines in Fig. 4. The wall iis formed as part of a head |35 on the underside of the tongue and therear part of the head has a forwardly and downwardly inclined surfacev|35. A shock absorbing cushion |45 carried by the breast beam ispositioned for engagement with the bar 80 when the latter reaches itsextreme forward position.

Under normal conditions when the loom is weaving between cross or ladderbars of the cross warps the parts will be in the position shown in Fig.2 and lever 35 will be stationary with the switch 30 imposition to causethe roll 31 to move in a circular path. When the mechanism K determinesthat the crossing warps C shall assume the position shown in Fig. 9 forthe purpose of forming a ladder bar L, the switch 30 will be thrown tothe dotted line position of Fig. 6 as already described, whereupon red14 will rise to cause rotation of shaft 10 and rearward movement of therack bars 8| and bar B0. The start of the rearward motion of the bar Siiwill ordi-- narily occur when the lay is at front center and whentheroll |05 is at the forward end-of slot |06. As the bar 80 movesrearwardly the roll |05 moves along part |01 of the slot |06, there byrocking lever |02 to the right, see Fig. Sto

cause rods 95 and 96 to move-respectively, tov

the left and right to rock lever 50 from the posi.- tion of Fig. 2 tothe full line position of Fig. 3.

As the bar 80 continues tomove'rearwardly the roll |05 slides throughthe straight section |08 of slot |06 to hold the hook 88v in the angularposition shown in full lines in Fig. 3 with the left 'end of the hook-edend'89 to the right of the warp threads. As the bar 80 approaches theend of its rearward movement roll m5 is moved to the left by section |09of slot |06 and lever 90 assumes the position shown in dotted lines inFig. 3 to cause the end 89 to move into the warp shed defined by thecrossed threads CI and C2 to a position behind point b, Fig. "9.

The run 25 of cam 2| is so proportioned that the bar 80 will reach itsrearmost position and hook 88 will b-e in the dotted line position shownin Fig. 3 when the lay is approximately half way betweentop and backcenter positions. At this time the sheds are sufficiently open to permitentry of the hook 89'behind the cross warps.

As cam 2| continues to rotate roll 31 moves toward circular run 28 androd 14 starts to move down,4whereupon the bar S will begin its forwardmovement. As soon as roll engages the inclined surface |36 the tongue|25 will be raised and swing around its pivot pin |21 to the dotted lineposition of Fig. 4, the spring 92 holding the lever |02 and partsconnected thereto fixed with respect to bar 80 in the dotted lineposition shown in Fig. 3 throughout the entire forward motion of the bar80. After the roll |05 is moved to a position in front of the head |35the tongue falls to its normal position. The forward motion of the barand therefore of the hook 88 is completed while the lay is still somedistance from front center but on its forward beat. I preferablycomplete the forward motion of the hook when the lay is about at bottomcenter position.

Upon completion of forward motion of the bar 80 the warp threads and thecrossing warp hook will be in some such position aS set forthdiagrammatically in Fig. 10. In that figure it will be seen that thehook end 89 has moved to a position in front of the fells e and hascaused the cross warps Cl and C2 to lie near the warp threads W4 and WI,respectively. Thus, the group of threads CI from the top web F extenddownwardly and forwardly from their corresponding fell e, in front ofthe hooked end 89 and then downwardly and rearwardly along a path whichlies close to the fell of the lower fabric FI. The filling or weftthread G can therefore be beaten forwardly to the fell without theformation of loops.

In order that the weft threads G may b-e under l tension to take-upslack in them as'points d and d' advance, I preferably time the movementof the shuttles so that the latter are still movingr when the hooked end89 reaches its extreme forward position. Fig. 1 shows shuttle operatingracks |45 for manipulating the top and bottom shuttles SI and S2. Theseracks are connected to the usual operating mechanism whichv keeps themin motion preferably until bar 80 returns to its extreme forwardposition. It is not essential that the movement of the rack bars |45shall have any precise timing relationship with the bar 80 so long as apull is exerted by the shuttles on the weft threads G to take up anyslackness which might otherwise form loops at the selvage. Thus, the bar|45 may if desired continue its motion after the bar 80 has reached itsforemost position, or if desired the rack bars |45 may cease movingshortly before bar 80 isy fully forward and reliance may beplaceduponthe thread tension customarily found in narrow wareyshuttles.In any event it will be desirable to provide some means to take up slackin the weft prior to the crossing of the harnesses N. Whatever themethod employed for maintaining tension on the weft thread as the hookedend 89 moves forwardly, it is important to complete the movement of theVhooked end 89 to its forward position so that point d will lie adjacentto the fells e before the Warp sheds are closed sudciently to resistmovement of the weft threads.

Patents Nos. 351,259 and 613,974 may be referred to for shuttles of thetype which are provided with weft slack take-ups the effect of which isto create tension in the weft after the shuttles come to rest. My priorPatent No. 1,817,146 may be referred to for a type of mechanism formoving the rack bar |45 to operate two banks of shuttles.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided means for movingthe point of crossing ofthe cross warps Cl and C2 forwardly so that thecross warps will lie close to the fells of the two webs while the warpsheds are open Wide enough to permit the weft tension to tighten theweft threads and thus prevent the formation of loops. It will #be seenthat this result is accomplished by moving the bar rearwardly andforwardly during a lperiod of time substantially less than one pick ofthe loom, preferably from front center position of the lay to thefollowing bottom center position. It will further be noted that the hook88 is moved by a mechanism independent of the lay which permits the hookto reach its eXtreme forward position before the lay reaches frontcenter. More specifically it will be seen that I have provided a rackand pinion system of driving gear for the bar 80 whereby movement'oflever 35 connected to the system effects first a rearward and then aforward motion of the hook 88 by means of a cam switch. It is to beunderstood that the run 25 of the cam 20 is made of such angular lengthas to cause the movements of the bar all already described. Also, thecam which controls the roll |05 has a pivoted tongue which assists incausing rocking of the` hook 88 during backward motion of the bar 80 butpermits the hook to remain substantially at rest with respect to the bar80 when the latter is advancing. While I have shown two rods and 96 I donot wish necessarily to be limited to the use of both of them. It willalso be seen that I have provided an improved method for themanipulation of the ground and crossing warps wherein the crossing warpsare caused to coincide with -certain sheets of the ground warp shedsbefore the latter are closed to permit the weft to be drawn tightly to'prevent the formation of loops at the selvage, after which the groundsheds are changed.

The method set forth in the foregoing is not claimed herein but is thesubject matter of a divisional application Serial No. 455,828, ledAugust 24, 1942.

Having thus described my invention it will be seen that changes andmodifications may be made therein by those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention and I do not wishto be limited to the details herein disclosed, but what I claim is:

1. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating Vreed andoperating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other settoforrn two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fellsof their respective falo--f rios, the loom having crossing warps whichextend from the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, ashuttle for said other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warpswhile the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer forthe crossing warps behind the latter, a carrier for said advancer, meansto move the carrier rearwardly during rearward movement of the reed andthen move the carrier forwardly While the reed continues to moverearwardly and return the carrier to normal forward position during thesubsequent forward movement of the reed before the latter reaches thefells, and means to move the advancer to a position behind the crossingwarps when the carrier is in rear position.

2. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed andoperating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set toform two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells oftheir respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extendfrom the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle forsaid other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps when the reedis in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossingwarpsbehind the latter, a carrier on which the advancer is mounted, saidcarrier and advancer normally being in the foremost position thereof,means to give the carrier a reciprocation rearwardly from said foremostposition and then forwardly to said foremost position in a period oftime less than that required for a complete reciprocation of the reed tolocate the carrier in rear position while l the reed is movingrearwardly and then move the carrier back to the foremost positionthereof before the reed completes its subsequent forward motion, andmeans to move the advancer behind the -crossed crossing warps while thecarrier is in rear position.

3. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed andoperating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set toform two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells oftheir respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extendfrom the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle forsaid other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps When the reedis in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for the crossingwarps, a carrier normally in forward position and on which the advanceris mounted, means including a rack and pinion mechanism connected to thecarrier to move the latter rearwardly and then forwardly in a period oftime less than that required for a complete reciprocation of the reed toreturn the carrier to normal forward position prior to arrival of thereed at said fells, and means to move said advancer behind the crossedcrossing warps whenv said carrier is in rear position.

4. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed andoperating with two sets ofground warps one setv over the other set toform two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells oftheir respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extendfrom the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle forsaid other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warips when thelatter are crossed while the reed is in the rear part of itsreciprocation, an advancer for the crossing wanps, a carrier normally inforward position and on which the advancer is mounted,

racks connected to the carrier,- a pinion meshing with each rack, meansto turn the pinions first in one direction and then in the oppositedirection to cause the rack mechanism to move the carrier rearwardly andthen forwardly during a period starting substantially at the beginningof a rearward motion of the reed and ending during the subsequentforward motion of the reed before `the latter reaches said fells, andmeans to move said advancer behind the crossed crossing warps when saidcarrier is in rear position. f

5. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed andoperating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set toform two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells oftheir respective fabrics, the loom lhaving crossing warps which extendfrom the fell of one ground shed to the other ground shed, a shuttle forsaid other ground shed to pass behind the crossing warps when the latterare crossed while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, anadvancer for the crossing warps, a carrier normally in forward positionand on which the advancer is mounted, racks secured to said carrier,slide bearings for said racks to cooperate with the latter to supportthe carrier, pinions for said racks, means to turn said pinions first inone direction and then in the other direction to cause rearward andforward motion of said carrier to return the carrier to normal forwardposition before the reed reaches said fells', and means to move saidadvancer behind the crossed crossing warps when the carrier is in rearposition.

6. In a loom having a frame and operating with crossing warps to beadvanced, a carrier movable backwardly and forwardly in the loom towardand from the crossing warps, a crossing warp advancer movably mounted onthe carrier for lateral movement relativelyy thereto, a member connectedto the advancer and mounted on the carrier for lateral movementrelatively to the latter, and a two-part operating mechanism for themember, said mechanism including a part fixed to the loom frame and asecond part movably mounted on the first part, said parts when in normalposition cooperating with said member during rearward movement of thecarrier to move said member and advancer laterally first` in onedirection and then in the opposite direction, and said second part beingmoved out of the path of said member by the latter as the carrier movesforwardly, and means to hold the advancer in fixed position with respectto the cari rier during forward movement of the latter.

7. In a loom having a frame and operating with crossing warps to beadvanced, a carrier movable backwardly and forwardly in the loom towardand from the crossing warps, a crossing warp advancer movably mounted onthe carrier for lateral movement relatively thereto, a mem- Iberconnected to and movable laterally with the advancer and mounted on thecarrier, a support fixed to the loom frame, an actuator for the membermovably mounted on the support and having a cam thereon for the memberso constructed that during the first part of the rearward movement ofthe carrier the member and carrier move laterally away from the crossingwarps and then laterally in the opposite direction during the latterpart of the rearward movementof the carrier to place the advancer behindthe crossing warps, said actuator being moved relatively to the supportby the member out of the path of the latter when thecarrier moves.

forwardly, and means to move the member to-i ward the cam.

movable backwardly and forwardly in the loom toward and from thecrossing warlps, a crossing warp advancer movably mounted on the car--rier for lateral movement relatively thereto, av lever pivoted -on thecarrier and connected to the advancer and moving with the latter, a rollmounted on said lever, a part fixed on the loom frame` and defining oneside of a guide slot for the roll, a second part movably mounted on thefirst part to define the other side of said Yguide slot, the latterbeing shaped tomove, the lever and advancer laterally in one directionduring the first part of the rearwardV movement of the carrier and thenmove said lever and the advancer in the opposite direction during thelatter part of the rearward movement of the carrier to place theadvancer behind the crossing warps, said roll operativeduring forwardmover-1 ment of the carrier to engage said second part and move thelatter relatively to the first part out of the path of said roll.

9. An operating mechanism for a loom having a crossing warp advancer andan actuating member connected thereto mountedfor back and forth and alsolaterallmOl/ementon the loomwith the advancer, said operating mechanisminf cluding a fixed part having a laterally and rea1'. wardly extendingwall to dene one sideY of a.A

guide slot for the member, a second part having a laterally andrearwardly extending wall corresponding to the rst wall todene; theother side ofthe guide slot, said walls to -eiect lateral movement ofthe member as the latter moves rearwardly, and connections'between saidpartsA by which the second part is movable relatively to the rst part'by said member out 4of, the pathV of the latter as the member movesforwardly.

10. An operating mechanism foraa loom having a crossing warp advancerandan actuating member connected thereto mountedfor back and forth4 andalso lateralmovernent on the loom with the advancer, said operatingmechanism including a stationary part having a slot therein and alaterally and rearwardly extendingrwall denning one side of ak guideslot-for the member, aA

second part mounted in the stationary part and provided with a laterallyand rearwardlyextending wall corresponding to the first. wall to denetheother side of. said guide slot, said walls toelect lateral movement ofthe member as the lat ter moves rearwardly, and a pivotal connectionbetween said parts, said second part being -piv otally movableon therstpart :by said member out of the path of the latter as the member movesforwardly. i l v 11. In a loom having abackwardlyfand forwardlyreciprocating reedand-operatingwith two sets of ground warps one setover theother set to form two ground sheds one over the'otherwhichconnectA to the fells-of theirrespective fabrics, the loom havingcrossingwarps whichextend from each fell to theground shed of theotheriell at periodic intervals, a shuttle for each ground shed to passbehind the corresponding crossing warps when the latterare crossedandrwhile-the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, a crossing warpadvancer-between theY ground sheds andbehind the crossed -crossingwarps, andmeans moving at a rate independent of the rate at which thereed moves to -move said-75 advancer. forwardly to its foremostpositionlt:` cause the crossing warps to. lieu close to. their:corresponding, fells, andV extend in. a. tensionedV state forwardlytherefromiprior to crossing ofithe` l groundwarps.

l2. In a loom having agbackwardly and fora wardly reciprocating` reeda-ndoperatingl` withA two sets of ground warps one. setover the other,set to form two ground sheds one vover the other;

whichv connect to the fells of 'their respective.

fabrics, the loom having crossingrwarps which` extend fromeach fell .tothe ground shed ofthe:

other fell at;periodic intervals,. a shuttle. for each ground shed topass behindthe corresponding; crossing warps whenthe latter, arecrossed. andE while the reed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, acrossing warp advancer betweensaid ground sheds and lbehind the crossedcrossing*` warps, and means .moving ata rate faster than: the rate atwhich the reed moves to `move said advancer forwardly toits foremostpositionin advance of said fells to cause thecrossing warps: to lieadjacent to their respectivefellsand ex` tend in a tensioned stateforwardly thereupon during forward movement of the reed and prior tocrossing of the ground warps.

13. In a loom having a backwardly and-for wardlyreciprocating reed andoperating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other settoform two ground sheds one over theother-- which connect to the fellsoftheir respectiveu fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extendfromthe fell of one ground shed to the other groundshed at periodicintervals, a shuttlef fory said other ground shed to pass behind thecrossing warps-while therreed is in the rear part of its: reciprocation,a 'crossing warp vadvancerv between theground sheds and behind thecrossing warps. and means moving at a rateindependent of the rate atwhich the reed' moves tof move said advancer forwardly toits foremost--position to causethe crossing warps to lie adjacent to` the. fell ofsaid other shed and extend in a tensioned state forwardly therefrombefore the ground warps cross.

14. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed andoperating with two sets `of ground warps one set over the-otherl settovform` two ground sheds oneover the otherJ whichv connect to thevfells of their respectivefabrics, therloom having crossing warps whichiextend from the fellof one-ground shed to the' other ground shed-atperiodicintervals, ashuttle for said other ground shed to -pass Vbehindthecrossing warps while the-reed is in the rear part'v of itsreciprocation, harness mechanism to cross the ground warpsl when theVreed is in -therfor ward part of` the-motion-thereof, acrossing'warpAadvancer behind the crossingY warps, and means moving at a `rate faster-thanthe rate-at which' the-reed moves to move said advancer forwardly'to its foremost position to Aplace the crossingl warps-adjacent to thefell of--said other shed andfcause said crossing warps Vto extend iiratensioned state forwardlyfrom said fell of saidA other shed prior toarrival of the reed at'the" fells and prior to crossing of said groundwarps' by said'harness mechanism.

15.v Ina loomhaving a backwardlyand forwardly reciprocating reedand-.operating with two sets of ground Vwarps one set over the Votherset to form two ground sheds one over the other which connectV to thefells of their respectiveA fabrics, the loom having crossing warps-Whichextend from thefell of each ground shed tothe other ground shed atperiodic intervals, a shuttle for each ground shed to pass behind thecorresponding crossing warps when the latter are crossed and while thereed is in the rear part of its reciprocation a crossing warp advancerbehind the crossed crossing warps, means moving at a rate independent ofthe rate at which the reed moves to move said advancer forwardly to itsforemost position to cause the crossing warps to lie adjacent to theirrespective felis and extend in a tensioned state forwardly therefromprior to arrival of the reed at the fells. and means subsequentlyoperative to cross the ground warps.

16. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed andoperating with two sets of ground Warps one set over the other set toform two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells oftheir respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extendfrom the fell of each ground shed to the other ground shed at periodicintervals, a shuttle for each ground shed to pass behind thecorresponding crossing warps when the latter are crossed and while thereed is in the rear part of its reciprocation each shuttle having a weftunder tension which extends from a point behind the crossed crossingwarps to the corresponding fell, a crossing warp advancer behind thecrossed crossing warps, and means moving at a rate independent of therate at which the reed moves to move said advancer forwardly to itsforemost position to move the crossing warps adjacent to theirrespective fells and extend in a tentioned state forwardly therefromduring forward movement of the reed and before the ground warps arecrossed.

17. In a loom having a backwardly and forwardly reciprocating reed andoperating with two sets of ground warps one set over the other set toform two ground sheds one over the other which connect to the fells oftheir respective fabrics, the loom having crossing warps which extendfromv the fell of one ground shed to thj'e other ground shed, a shuttlefor said other 4"ground shed to pass behind the crossing Warps when thereed is in the rear part of its reciprocation, an advancer for thecrossing warps normally'v in the foremost position thereof, a carrier onwhich the advancer is mounted, said carrier normally being in forwardposition, means to give the carrier a 20 backward and forwardreciprocation in a period of time less than that required for a completereciprocation of the reed to locate the carrier in rear position whilethe reed is moving rearwardly and then move the carrier back to normalpo- 25 sition before the reed completes its subsequent o in rearposition.

forward motion and before the ground warps cross, and means to move theadvancer behind the crossed crossing warps while the carrier is ELBRIDGER. HOLMES.

